By Demelza Desforges - MIN Ambassador, 14th November 2022.
‘It does not stop’ and other things you may not know about Post-Separation Abuse
*Trigger warning*: suicide, domestic violence (DV), tactics of post-separation abuse (PSA).
Feminine pronouns are used here to describe the target of abuse whereas masculin pronouns are used for perpetrators, however we do acknowledge that imbalances of power also exist in LGBTQ+ relationships.
While men can be victims, the majority of Domestic Abuse (DA) cases are linked to gender based violence, discrimination and unequal power within heterosexual relationships. According to the ONS 88.6% of callers to the National Domestic Abuse Helpline in the year ending March 2022 were female.
Why doesn’t she just leave?
It takes on average 7 attempts to leave an abusive relationship. A common misconception is that a woman is safe and free when she leaves. In fact this is when she may be most in danger. The abuse escalates as the perpetrator seeks to maintain or regain power and control through harassment type behaviour, threats, intimidation, physical, sexual and financial abuse. Women and children in these situations are at higher risk of death by murder or suicide.
Mums In Need
Society is getting wiser to abusive tactics. Help is available from various organisations, though many of these remain vastly underfunded and only seldom offer support aimed specifically at overcoming PSA harm and coercive control. Women are more at risk of PSA if they have children with the perpetrator. Abuse does not end when a mother leaves, it persists in altered but unabateable ways.
Mums In Need recognises this and offers a tailored service.
Post-Separation Abuse
DA and PSA can happen to women at all income levels, regardless of age or race. It is important not to ‘victim-blame’: people didn’t get into toxic situations because they wanted to get hurt. Abusers walk amongst us. If you don’t know the red flags it’s easy to end up in a harmful relationship. The abuser will have been appealing to start with, convincing their victim they would love and care for them. But the relationship soon descends into hell as the daily challenges of being involved with this type of person become a reality. When leaving a toxic relationship, invisible chains enable perpetrators to maintain control over their victims for years.
The ‘Duluth Post-Separation Abuse Wheel, helps to understand how perpetrators continue to oppress /women and children:
It impacts on Parenting
Abusive fathers place their own needs over those of the child(ren).
He displays neglectful and/or abusive parenting. Exposing children to unsafe content, situations, or people. This creates concerns and fear in the safe parent.
He undermines her abilities and decisions. Instead of setting aside differences to parent effectively, he actively works against the mother.
‘Counter-parenting’ is aimed at punishing the mother who dared to leave, but ultimately it hurts the children.
It affects children
Although sons and daughters may not perceive their father as being abusive, PSA doesn’t just affect the mother, it also harms children.
He likely uses many of the same coercive and controlling tactics with the children as he did/does with his partner and/or former partners.
He puts the children in the middle and uses them as weapons against their mother. This has psychological consequences.
He imposes opposing values in the child to spite the safe parent.
He denies or withholds consent or care for the children’s medical or therapeutic needs.
He controls which professionals can have input into the children’s lives.
He withholds and dominates the child’s social interactions to maintain his sphere of control.
It impacts on finances
The abuser is likely to have run-up debt in the mother’s name or coerced her into getting credit when they were still together which she now has to repay alone.
He blocks access to bank accounts and other financial resources. He uses her money as his own. Abusers are entitled.
If they owned a house together he will try to keep her share of it.
He pays no child maintenance. If he does, it is insufficient. He mismanages, delays or witholds the payments to cause chaos. He makes her beg for money he should legally be paying for the children.
He opens children’s bank accounts in secret to hide assets.
When he doesn’t take financial responsibility for their children, they go without when they are with their mum. The father becomes a ‘Disney Dad’. Buying them all the latest luxuries when they are with him and instilling the false belief that their mum loves them less because she isn’t doing this. In fact she has barely enough money to put food on the table due to his ongoing financial abuse. Mothers may need to use food banks or obtain Debt Relief Orders. Some file for bankruptcy. These all bring added stigma, barriers and restrictions.
It impacts on employment
The abuse is traumatising. Mothers may be unable to work, or may need lots of time off due to exhaustion or illness caused by all the mistreatment.
He sabotages her employment prospects. He jeopordises job interviews, employment or career advancement, making it harder for her to increase earnings.
He makes false allegations to her employer and places barriers when she gets a promotion.
He purposefully changes child arrangements at the last minute or makes sure there is an emergency on days when important things are scheduled.
Due to financial abuse, Mums may not be able to afford interview clothes or the travel expenses that come with being in work.
It impacts on housing
Financial abuse will have an impact on the mum’s ability to keep a tenancy or make mortgage payments. Any property maintenance work may be unaffordable so she (and the children) may be living in unsuitable housing or inappropriate conditions.
If he knows where she lives:
He makes threats (to burn her house down, to break in).
He repeatedly turns up uninvited (arriving during bedtime under the guise of saying goodnight to the children, in fact he simply brings tears and chaos).
He stalks her and drives past her house.
He obtains a house key via the children so they are no longer safe in that property. They now need to relocate to a new, unknown area.
Barriers are compounded by a lack of awareness around the impact of PSA, making it very difficult to move even with support. Housing agencies discriminate against single mothers and it may be impossible to raise money for a rental deposit. Removal vans cost and it’s hard to find helpers when the perpetrator has isolated her.
It impacts on relationships
Isolation doesn’t happen overnight. During the relationship he will have cut down her social circle and now he pursues smear campaigns to discredit her and destroy her support system and reputation.
He spreads lies and rumours to his & her family, friends, doctors, teachers, faith leaders and anyone else who will listen.
He strategically manipulates others into conflict with her to remain in control and gain advantage: this ‘triangulation’ involves enlisting others to carry out harmful tactics alongside him or on his behalf.
Burdened by stigma and the impact of abuse, she finds it difficult to develop and maintain relationships. Lack of time and trust issues caused by coercive control, and interference from the perpetrator make it harder still.
It affects Mental and Physical Health
Even though it wasn’t their fault, survivors feel shame and guilt as the ramifications of coercive control seep through their lives. Stress, sleep problems, eating disorders, chronic pain, the trauma of abuse affects both physical and mental health. Amid all the brainwashing, the perpertrator projects his own issues and insecurities.
He consistently belittles, shames and criticises her. Imposing a false narrative makes her doubt her reality, memory and perception. This is called ‘gaslighting’.
He monitors whereabouts, social interaction and online presence, via devices or spyware, often getting the children to report back or spy too. Being scrutinised leads to feelings of anxiety and depression.
He terrorizes her and threatens to take the children. Abusers do this in such a way that if she was to report incidents to the police they would be discredited (as ‘lack of evidence’ or insufficiently serious).
He bombards her with emails and phone calls. Some may wrongfully label this an act of love, but don’t be fooled, the barrage of manipulative, threatening messages serve no purpose but to wear her down.
When considered within the larger picture, it's clear that the timeline and significance of these incidents amounts to the crime of coercive control. This highlights the importance of Mums In Need: raising awareness means more can be done to protect and prevent harm to children and mothers.
It often isn’t resolved by the Justice System
Instead of protecting victims the Justice System empowers perpertrators on their campaign of terror.
He misuses court proceedings to harrass, intimidate and coerce. This exhausts her financial and emotional resources.
He makes legal threats, false reports and deliberately causes delays in court proceedings.
He seeks a change in custody only as a means of revenge and punishment.
When the safe parent reports valid claims of abuse, he will relabel these as ‘alienation’ as a defense tactic. These ‘parental alienation’ claims are used as a legal strategy to cast doubt on the mother’s credibility and obtain a change in residency.
The good news is that the Domestic Abuse Bill is being amended to include PSA.
How to help
Post-separation abuse is a violation of Women’s Human Rights. Although it is enduring, relentless and pervasive, its impact is not always visible to the untrained eye. Even mothers going through PSA struggle to understand what is happening to them.
Mothers need to find long-term safety for themselves and their children. They go on a rocky journey of self-discovery and learn to understand how and why things happened the way they did. They need help to recover and get through this.
Mums In Need is able to offer vital, specialised help but we rely on fundraising (100 club, MIN Tins) and donations to keep running. If you want to help Mums In Need on their mission then please get in touch.